"Ghost in the Shell"

What is "Ghost in the Shell"?

it's about within a computer system, the corrupted code sections are combined or re-arranged in an logical sequence which can execute in an unexpected result.

Potential reasons:

* dirty/unstable power source, eg, lightning, radio interference,

* defected memory modules (capacitors leak voltage)

* system overloaded

* storage media read/write error due to exceeding maximum number of R/W cycles,

* memory defragment,

* garbage collection,

* FAT corrupted,

* virus,

* improper/incomplete shutdown,

* memory leaks

* unsupported File system format

... etc.

High Risk "ghosts" creators:

* pointer, especially function pointers

* vector table

* '\0' in strings

* any index table

* bad programmers

Possible solutions:

* redundancy

* RAID

* checksum

* watchdog

* worst cases defined